{"id":1746,"date":"2020-10-28T19:46:14","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T18:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.csa.be\/egalitediversite\/?p=1746"},"modified":"2020-10-29T14:29:28","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T13:29:28","slug":"vincent-yzerbyt-new","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.csa.be\/egalitediversite\/2020\/10\/28\/vincent-yzerbyt-new\/","title":{"rendered":"(vid\u00e9o et entretien) Vincent Yzerbyt, Professeur \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de psychologie de l&rsquo;UCLouvain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbHeader\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1a1844&Prime; use_background_color_gradient=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb background_color_gradient_start=\u00a0\u00bb#581745&Prime; background_color_gradient_end=\u00a0\u00bb#00305b\u00a0\u00bb background_color_gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbradial\u00a0\u00bb background_color_gradient_direction_radial=\u00a0\u00bbtop right\u00a0\u00bb background_color_gradient_end_position=\u00a0\u00bb45%\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.csa.be\/egalitediversite\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/08\/podcast-01.png\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0vw||0||false|false\u00a0\u00bb background_size__hover=\u00a0\u00bbcover\u00a0\u00bb background_size__hover_enabled=\u00a0\u00bbcover\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.25&Prime; 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text_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb20px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbLato|900|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb82px\u00a0\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb header_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.2em\u00a0\u00bb header_4_font=\u00a0\u00bbRaleway|||on|||||\u00a0\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb22px\u00a0\u00bb header_4_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb4px\u00a0\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.6em\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb800px\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb14px\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb62px\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb38px\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h4>Entretiens<\/h4>\n<h1>Vincent Yzerbyt<span style=\"font-size: 20px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 500;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Professeur \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de psychologie de l&rsquo;UCLouvain<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbEpisodes\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1a1844&Prime; custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px||false|\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1a1844&Prime; top_divider_height=\u00a0\u00bb12vw\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_flip=\u00a0\u00bbvertical\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_arrangement=\u00a0\u00bbabove_content\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb50px||15px|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb18px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||50px|||\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">Vincent<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW186159283 BCX9\">Yzerbyt<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>est<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">P<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">rofesseur \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de psychologie de l\u2019<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW186159283 BCX9\">UCLouvain<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">. Il revient pour le CSA sur les questions de st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes et de biais inconscients<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>et explique leurs liens avec les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>Vincent<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW186159283 BCX9\">Yzerbyt<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>analyse \u00e9galement les m\u00e9canismes qui sous-tendent<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">des perceptions<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">souvent<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">diff\u00e9rentes des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s par les hommes et les<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">femmes. Il<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">examine<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\"><span>\u00a0<\/span>enfin<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" class=\"TextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\" xml:lang=\"FR-FR\" lang=\"FR-FR\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW186159283 BCX9\">les processus alimentant et d\u00e9coulant de la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation verticale.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW186159283 BCX9\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:257}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbEpisodes\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1a1844&Prime; custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px||0px||false|\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1a1844&Prime; top_divider_height=\u00a0\u00bb12vw\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_flip=\u00a0\u00bbvertical\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_arrangement=\u00a0\u00bbabove_content\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_video src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/vimeo.com\/473361652&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb80%\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb80%\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_video][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb50px|||||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_divider divider_style=\u00a0\u00bbdashed\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb10%\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb10%\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.8em\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||50px|||\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Une des cl\u00e9s de lecture des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre mises en exergue dans le rapport r\u00e9side dan<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s les<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes et\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">l<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">es\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">biais inconscients. Pourriez-vous d\u00e9finir ces notions\u202f? Quel\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">est<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0selon vous leur lien avec la discrimination<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Un st\u00e9r\u00e9otype peut \u00eatre d\u00e9fini comme un ensemble de\u00a0savoirs\u00a0que l\u2019on a\u00a0d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s,\u00a0du fait de\u00a0notre culture, \u00e0 propos des\u00a0cat\u00e9gories\u00a0sociales qui nous entourent. Par exemple, tout le monde entretient\u00a0une s\u00e9rie d\u2019opinions et de croyances \u00e0 propos de ce qui caract\u00e9rise\u00a0les hommes et les femmes.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>En nous\u00a0permettant, en l\u2019absence d\u2019autres informations, d\u2019identifier des \u00e9l\u00e9ments\u00a0potentiellement pertinents\u00a0et de guider\u00a0ainsi\u00a0nos actions, les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes sont bien \u00e9videmment importants et utiles. N\u00e9anmoins, ils ont \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 classer les individus dans des cases, qui deviennent parfois immuables.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Une des caract\u00e9ristiques des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes concernant les hommes et les femmes est qu\u2019ils sont particuli\u00e8rement distincts\u202f: les femmes sont globalement associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une id\u00e9e de\u00a0sociabilit\u00e9, de\u00a0souci de l\u2019autre, de \u00ab\u202fcare\u202f\u00bb, on parle de communion ou encore de chaleur\u202f; les hommes sont quant \u00e0 eux assimil\u00e9s au pouvoir, \u00e0 l\u2019assertivit\u00e9, l\u2019assurance ou l\u2019ambition, la recherche utilise les termes d\u2019agentisme\u00a0et de comp\u00e9tence. Ces deux univers colorent tr\u00e8s fortement notre repr\u00e9sentation des hommes et des femmes, ce qui peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer probl\u00e9matique.\u00a0En effet, ancr\u00e9s depuis toujours dans notre culture et notre \u00e9ducation,\u00a0ces st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes\u00a0sont pr\u00eats \u00e0 surgir\u00a0de mani\u00e8re automatique\u00a0d\u00e8s la moindre perte de vigilance,\u00a0alors\u00a0m\u00eame\u00a0que l\u2019on pensait\u00a0les avoir \u00e9cart\u00e9s. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, nous sommes constamment sous l\u2019emprise de ces connaissances, profond\u00e9ment inscrites sur le plan culturel,\u00a0parfois\u00a0m\u00eame\u00a0sans nous en rendre compte. C\u2019est ce que recouvre la notion de biais inconscient.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes peuvent-ils avoir un effet<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0de \u00ab\u202fprescription\u202f\u00bb aupr\u00e8s des femmes et des hommes\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes rev\u00eatent\u00a0effectivement\u00a0un double aspect. D\u2019une part, ils nous\u00a0informent\u00a0sur les caract\u00e9ristiques d\u2019une cat\u00e9gorie, permettant de la diff\u00e9rencier d\u2019une autre\u00a0(\u00ab\u202fce qu\u2019est\u00a0probablement\u00a0un homme\u202f\u00bb, ou\u00a0\u00ab\u202fce qu\u2019est\u00a0probablement\u00a0une femme\u202f\u00bb, par exemple). Ce premier aspect pourrait \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9 de\u00a0descriptif.\u00a0D\u2019autre part, les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes rev\u00eatent\u00a0un deuxi\u00e8me\u00a0aspect, plus g\u00eanant, que l\u2019on pourrait\u00a0identifier\u00a0comme\u00a0prescriptif\u202f: plus qu\u2019un simple\u00a0portrait,\u00a0les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes\u00a0nous incitent \u00e0\u00a0estimer\u00a0que les membres d\u2019une cat\u00e9gorie\u00a0donn\u00e9e\u00a0doivent\u00a0absolument\u00a0ou, au contraire,\u00a0ne\u00a0peuvent en aucun cas,\u00a0accomplir\u00a0certaines actions, adopter certains comportements,\u00a0pour pouvoir en faire partie.\u00a0De cette mani\u00e8re, on va\u00a0avoir tendance \u00e0\u00a0penser\u00a0que les hommes\u00a0ou\u00a0les femmes\u00a0doivent faire telle ou telle chose pour \u00eatre de \u00ab\u202fbons\u202f\u00bb hommes, de\u00a0\u00ab\u202fbonnes\u202f\u00bb femmes, ou au contraire ne pas faire telle autre chose, sous peine\u00a0de subir des sanctions sociales de la part de\u00a0leur partenaire ou\u00a0de\u00a0leurs coll\u00e8gues. Cet aspect\u00a0prescriptif\u00a0des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes\u00a0est probl\u00e9matique en ce qu\u2019il\u00a0enferme les personnes\u00a0\u2013\u00a0ici,\u00a0les hommes et les femmes\u00a0\u2013\u00a0dans un moule particulier.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L\u2019\u00e9tude illustre<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0que l<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">es hommes et les femmes ont\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">fr\u00e9quemment\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">des perceptions diff\u00e9rentes des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et des obstacles rencontr\u00e9s<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0par les femmes<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0au cours de leurs trajectoires professionnelles. Vous faites le lien avec la notion de privil\u00e8ge.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00ab\u202f<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">privil\u00e8ge de groupe<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u00bb<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0et comment cela fonctionne-t-il<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Dans l\u2019organisation d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les diff\u00e9rents groupes occupent\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">des<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0positionnements sociaux<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0distincts<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">se pla\u00e7ant \u00e0\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">diff\u00e9rents niveaux dans la hi\u00e9rarchie.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Concernant<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0les<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0hommes et les femmes,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">on observe une stratification entre ces deux groupes\u202f: ils\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">ne se positionnent<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0pas au m\u00eame\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">endroit dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Or, on constate qu\u2019il existe\u00a0une sorte d\u2019aveuglement \u00e0 propos de cette diff\u00e9rence de\u00a0positionnement\u202f: les membres des cat\u00e9gories occupant des positions subalternes ou domin\u00e9es n\u2019ont\u00a0pas toujours\u00a0acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une pleine visibilit\u00e9 de leurs diff\u00e9rences. Ces personnes\u00a0ont\u00a0en effet\u00a0tendance \u00e0 comparer\u00a0leurs privil\u00e8ges, ou absence de privil\u00e8ge,\u00a0non pas\u00a0\u00e0 ceux des\u00a0autres groupes, mais\u00a0\u00e0 ceux des\u00a0personnes se trouvant \u00e0\u00a0l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de leur propre cat\u00e9gorie\u202f: les\u00a0femmes vont\u00a0par exemple\u00a0comparer leurs\u00a0salaires\u00a0et avantages\u00a0professionnels\u00a0aux\u00a0salaires\u00a0d\u2019autres femmes, mais pas \u00e0\u00a0ceux\u00a0des hommes.\u00a0De la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, les hommes\u00a0seront amen\u00e9s \u00e0\u00a0consid\u00e9rer\u00a0leur position et\u00a0les avantages dont ils b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient comme naturels et \u00e9vidents, car compar\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux d\u2019autres hommes.\u00a0Cet aveuglement\u00a0est particuli\u00e8rement notable dans les\u00a0st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes\u00a0de genre,\u00a0ces deux cat\u00e9gories connaissant\u00a0chacune, pour des\u00a0raisons l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rentes,\u00a0une\u00a0invisibilisation\u00a0de\u00a0leurs\u00a0privil\u00e8ges, ou absence de privil\u00e8ge.\u00a0<\/em><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On observe dans l\u2019\u00e9tude un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation verticale\u202f: plus on s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve dans la hi\u00e9rarchie, moins les femmes sont pr\u00e9sentes. Comment analysez-vous ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne et les cons\u00e9quences que celui-ci peut avoir sur le positionnement des femmes\u202f?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>On observe de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s claire une d\u00e9perdition du nombre de\u00a0femmes dans\u00a0la\u00a0hi\u00e9rarchie des\u00a0organisations, des\u00a0entreprises\u00a0ou de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.\u00a0On\u00a0assiste\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0un double ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de\u00a0\u00ab\u202ftuyau perc\u00e9\u202f\u00bb\u00a0(le nombre de femmes diminuant au fur et \u00e0 mesure que\u00a0le niveau hi\u00e9rarchique\u00a0s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve)\u202f;\u00a0et de plafond de verre,\u00a0les femmes semblant\u00a0se heurter, \u00e0 un certain\u00a0stade\u00a0de\u00a0leur \u00e9volution professionnelle, \u00e0 une paroi\u00a0invisible\u00a0quasiment\u00a0infranchissable.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Diff\u00e9rentes causes peuvent \u00eatre identifi\u00e9es \u00e0 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, tant formelles qu\u2019informelles. Au rang des \u00e9l\u00e9ments formels, on retrouve, par exemple, l\u2019organisation du travail, les moments choisis pour les r\u00e9unions ou encore l\u2019organisation des cong\u00e9s.\u00a0Outre\u00a0ces aspects structurels, on note \u00e9galement des \u00e9l\u00e9ments plus informels, comme la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9seauter\u202f:\u00a0ayant moins souvent que les femmes la charge des enfants,\u00a0les hommes\u00a0ont\u00a0en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u00a0la\u00a0possibilit\u00e9 de\u00a0se rendre\u00a0plus souvent et\u00a0de rester\u00a0plus longtemps au bureau, de rencontrer plus de gens, d\u2019\u00e9changer davantage.\u00a0Tant ces conditions formelles qu\u2019informelles compliquent\u00a0l\u2019acc\u00e8s, pour les femmes, aux \u00e9chelons plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de l\u2019entreprise.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Outre ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, on observe\u00a0\u00e9galement\u00a0que les crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9valuation du travail\u00a0sont eux-m\u00eames\u00a0fortement empreints\u00a0de st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes, limitant\u00a0eux aussi\u00a0l\u2019\u00e9volution des\u00a0femmes\u00a0au sein de\u00a0la hi\u00e9rarchie.\u00a0Le\u00a0mod\u00e8le d\u2019\u00e9valuation des personnes\u00a0occupant des postes \u00e9lev\u00e9s est en effet essentiellement masculin. Les individus ne remplissant pas les conditions strictes de ces caract\u00e9ristiques masculines sont ainsi\u00a0peu \u00e0 peu\u00a0\u00e9vinc\u00e9s du syst\u00e8me\u00a0et ne parviennent pas \u00e0 y survivre suffisamment longtemps pour atteindre les niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s\u00a0de l\u2019\u00e9chelle sociale.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019\u00e9tude\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">met par ailleurs en exergue\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">que\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">certaines femmes qui acc\u00e8dent \u00e0 des postes \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u00e9veloppent une conscience de genre dans leur management, mais pas\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n\u00e9cessairement\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">toutes<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Comment expliquez-vous\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ce m\u00e9canisme\u202f?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Lorsque les femmes atteignent des postes\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">hi\u00e9rarchiques\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00e9lev\u00e9s dans les entreprises,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">diff\u00e9rents\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">m\u00e9canismes<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0peuvent \u00eatre observ\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Le premier est ce que l\u2019on appelle le\u202fph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la\u00a0\u00ab\u202freine des abeilles\u202f\u00bb. Alors\u00a0que l\u2019on pourrait\u00a0s\u2019attendre \u00e0 une certaine\u00a0solidarit\u00e9 entre les femmes ayant atteint des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s et leurs coll\u00e8gues f\u00e9minines\u00a0occupant des postes moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s,\u00a0du fait de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience\u00a0commune des obstacles et des difficult\u00e9s\u00a0rencontr\u00e9es au travail, on observe\u00a0un m\u00e9canisme plut\u00f4t contraire\u202f:\u00a0les caract\u00e9ristiques attendues pour atteindre des postes \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9s sont tellement\u00a0empreintes\u00a0des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes masculins associ\u00e9s au pouvoir, que\u00a0les femmes\u00a0visant\u00a0ces positions\u00a0se mettent \u00e0\u00a0incarner pleinement ces caract\u00e9ristiques, et\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0se d\u00e9faire de leurs caract\u00e9ristiques propres,\u00a0pour \u00e9pouser\u00a0les attentes et gravir les \u00e9chelons.\u00a0Parall\u00e8lement,\u00a0la recherche indique\u00a0qu\u2019elles ont\u00a0tendance \u00e0\u00a0consid\u00e9rer les ambitions\u00a0de carri\u00e8re\u00a0de\u00a0leurs\u00a0plus jeunes coll\u00e8gues f\u00e9minines comme peu\u00a0marqu\u00e9es\u00a0et\u00a0insuffisamment\u00a0solides\u00a0pour atteindre les \u00e9chelons\u00a0sup\u00e9rieurs de l\u2019entreprise.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>La combinaison de\u00a0cette\u00a0\u00ab\u202fautodescription masculine\u202f\u00bb\u00a0et de la d\u00e9consid\u00e9ration des ambitions des coll\u00e8gues\u00a0plus jeunes\u00a0am\u00e8ne\u00a0parfois les femmes au pouvoir \u00e0 devenir en quelque sorte les\u00a0meilleures\u00a0ennemies de\u00a0leurs plus jeunes coll\u00e8gues,\u00a0plut\u00f4t que d\u2019embrasser la cause de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9\u00a0de genre\u00a0au sein de l\u2019entreprise.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019appellation \u00ab\u202freine des abeilles\u202f\u00bb pouvant pr\u00eater \u00e0 confusion, il est important de noter que ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u2019observe de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale dans tous les groupes\u00a0\u00ab\u202fdomin\u00e9s\u202f\u00bb\u00a0(en termes\u00a0de genre, de religion,\u00a0d\u2019origine ethnique, etc.)\u00a0et n\u2019est pas\u00a0du tout cantonn\u00e9\u00a0aux femmes.\u00a0Loin d\u2019\u00eatre\u00a0la cons\u00e9quence de caract\u00e9ristiques li\u00e9es\u00a0au genre,\u00a0ce m\u00e9canisme\u00a0est\u00a0le r\u00e9sultat\u00a0d\u2019une structure d\u2019entreprise dans laquelle certains groupes, quels qu\u2019ils soient,\u00a0ont un acc\u00e8s\u00a0difficile aux positions sup\u00e9rieures.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Un second\u00a0m\u00e9canisme\u00a0peut s\u2019observer\u00a0dans les organisations\u00a0dans lesquelles\u00a0une femme acc\u00e8de \u00e0 un poste \u00e9lev\u00e9\u202f: le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne du\u00a0\u00ab\u202ftoken\u202f\u00bb.\u00a0Celui-ci illustre l\u2019id\u00e9e selon laquelle\u00a0la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une personne\u00a0issue d\u2019un groupe domin\u00e9\u00a0au sein de la hi\u00e9rarchie\u00a0d\u2019une entreprise\u00a0suffit \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer l\u2019absence de discrimination\u00a0au sein de cette structure\u00a0d\u2019un point de vue plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.\u00a0Cette situation\u00a0est\u00a0particuli\u00e8rement\u00a0compliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 g\u00e9rer,\u00a0car \u00e0\u00a0partir du moment o\u00f9 une femme acc\u00e8de \u00e0 un poste \u00e9lev\u00e9,\u00a0les\u00a0membres du groupe dominant\u00a0mais aussi du groupe domin\u00e9\u00a0ont\u00a0toutes les raisons\u00a0de consid\u00e9rer\u00a0que le\u00a0syst\u00e8me n\u2019est pas probl\u00e9matique.\u00a0On va\u00a0donc\u00a0estimer\u00a0que\u00a0la preuve\u00a0est faite\u00a0que les femmes peuvent atteindre les niveaux\u00a0sup\u00e9rieurs\u00a0de l\u2019entreprise. D\u00e8s lors,\u00a0la raison pour laquelle d\u2019autres femmes n\u2019y parviennent pas r\u00e9side\u00a0uniquement\u00a0dans\u00a0leur manque de volont\u00e9 ou l\u2019absence des qualit\u00e9s requises.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Le danger d\u2019un tel ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0est que ces \u00ab\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">token<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u202f\u00bb d\u00e9couragent en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 les\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">personnes du groupe\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00ab\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">domin\u00e9<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u202f\u00bb<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">t<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0justifient la poursuite<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">, par les<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0personnes du groupe<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0dominant, des pratiques en cours<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne pose un probl\u00e8me plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u202f: contrairement<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0\u00e0 une organisation qui ne prendrait aucune mesure pour promouvoir l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, il est difficile de consid\u00e9rer qu\u2019un syst\u00e8me est probl\u00e9matique quand certaines mesures semblent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 prises<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Cela explique que,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">dans<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0les\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">structures<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0o\u00f9\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">des initiatives\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">de ce type sont adopt\u00e9es<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0on\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">arrive<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">rapidement<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">, si on ne maintient pas de fa\u00e7on aig\u00fce l\u2019attention de l\u2019ensemble des membres de l\u2019entreprise<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">,\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">un sentiment<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0de<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0satisfaction<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">au sein<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">des\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">groupes privil\u00e9gi\u00e9<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">s et\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00e0\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">une d\u00e9culpabilisation \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des probl\u00e9matiques de genre\u202f:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">on estime que \u00ab\u202fle n\u00e9cessaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait\u202f\u00bb, que\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">d\u00e9sormais\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">toutes\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">les femmes peuvent acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la hi\u00e9rarchie<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">, ou encore<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">que\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">le harc\u00e8lement\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">ou les micro agressions quotidiennes\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00e0 leur encontre\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">n\u2019existe<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">nt<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0pa<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">, oubliant que les\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">quelques\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">mesures adopt\u00e9es sont loin\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">d\u2019\u00e9liminer<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0toutes les discriminations en mati\u00e8re de genre<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Il\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">est essentiel de<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0se pr\u00e9munir contre ce\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">p<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">h<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00e9nom\u00e8ne<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Selon vous, q<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">uels seraient les leviers d\u2019action essentiels afin de promouvoir davantage d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 de genre\u202f<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">dans les entreprises\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u2019est une question compliqu\u00e9e et importante. Il y a plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments\u202f:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Le premier levier est,\u00a0selon moi,\u00a0l&rsquo;affirmation explicite par les\u00a0dirigeants\u00a0de l&rsquo;organisation des valeurs d&rsquo;\u00e9galit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;inclusion. On parle vraiment d\u2019engagement\u00a0de l\u2019organisation\u00a0\u2013 de\u00a0commitment\u00a0\u2013 et non pas uniquement de mesures discr\u00e8tes.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Deuxi\u00e8mement, je pense qu&rsquo;il faut nommer des femmes dans des positions de\u00a0middle management\u00a0et de cadre pour offrir des \u00ab\u202fmod\u00e8les de r\u00f4les\u202f\u00bb, singuli\u00e8rement dans les m\u00e9tiers qui souffrent de s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation horizontale et o\u00f9 les femmes se font rares. Et il est important de leur donner un vrai champ d\u2019action, une forte autonomie dans la cr\u00e9ation de mod\u00e8les diversifi\u00e9s. Traditionnellement, il y a un profil de \u00ab\u202fmanager\u202f\u00bb, un profil de \u00ab\u202fdirecteur de production\u202f\u00bb, etc. Pourquoi ces profils-l\u00e0\u202f? Il me para\u00eet important de mettre \u00e0 mal le \u00ab\u202fconsensus sur le profil\u202f\u00bb, de diversifier la gamme des profils qui rentrent dans les conditions pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 ces postes afin de casser le profil h\u00e9g\u00e9monique du dirigeant masculin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Enfin, je pense qu\u2019il est utile de souligner l&rsquo;utilit\u00e9 de programmes de mentorat\u00a0afin de mettre \u00e0 mal la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation verticale d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9voqu\u00e9e. Ces programmes, particuli\u00e8rement s&rsquo;ils impliquent des femmes mentores et des jeunes recrues f\u00e9minines,\u00a0exercent un effet b\u00e9n\u00e9fique sur\u00a0un grand nombre d&rsquo;aspects (sentiment d&rsquo;appartenance, efficacit\u00e9 etc.<\/em><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><em>), dont le moindre n&rsquo;est pas de mettre \u00e0 mal la dynamique de \u00ab\u202freine des abeilles\u202f\u00bb<\/em>.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.5.6&Prime; background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb min_height=\u00a0\u00bb291px\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb-3px|||||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb170px||101px|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_3,1_3,1_3&Prime; 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Il revient pour le CSA sur les questions de st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes et de biais inconscients\u00a0et explique leurs liens avec les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s.\u00a0Vincent\u00a0Yzerbyt\u00a0analyse \u00e9galement les m\u00e9canismes qui sous-tendent\u00a0des perceptions\u00a0souvent\u00a0diff\u00e9rentes des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s par les hommes et les\u00a0femmes. 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